Linux - Install on Windows 7 Virtual Machine using VirtualBox

Microsoft Virtual PC is my choice to run Windows virtual machines. However, installing Linux on Virtual PC is not something I would recommend. Main reason is the lack of integration elements; Virtual PC integration components are designed to run well on XP, Vista and 7 virtual machines. For Linux, Virtual PC does not (at least at this moment) offer any integration components.

VirtualBox integration components are called Guest Additions. They install and run well also in any Linux distro. That's why I recommended creating Linux virtual machines in VirtualBox.

I am using Ubuntu 10.10 to make this tutorial. At the moment it is the most Windows like Linux distro available, a safe bet for a beginner to start experimenting Linux.

For more advanced Linux users I recommend using Novell SUSE 11.3 which is a commercial Linux distribution, free to test, or its free counterpart OpenSUSE 11.3. The setup procedure in VirtualBox is exactly the same.


Microsoft Virtual PC, Oracle VirtualBox and VMware Player are at the moment the best free virtualization applications. All have their pros and cons, I'm not going to put them in any order here. Let's just say I'm using Microsoft Virtual PC for all my XP and Vista virtual machines, and VirtualBox for older Windows and Linux machines.

You can download these virtualization applications here:
Microsoft: Virtual PC
Oracle: VirtualBox
VMware: WMware Player


Part 1: Create a new virtual machine for Ubuntu

•     Launch VirtualBox
•     Click New
•     This opens New Virtual Machine Wizard. Click Next:
•     Give your new virtual machine a name, choose the right OS and version. These are automatically selected if VirtualBox can determine it from the name you gave. Click Next:
•     Set the amount of RAM you want to assign to Ubuntu. For running a Linux vm (virtual machine), 512 MB is enough. You can assign as much as you want to, maximum being about 512 MB less of your host computer's RAM. Keep in mind though that RAM used by a running vm is away from the RAM Windows can use; assigning more RAM can make your vm run faster and better but at the same time make your Windows crawl so slowly even the vm halts. My recommendation is always leave at least 2 GB for Windows, or if you have under 4 GB of RAM only give maximum of 1 GB to a vm. Click Next:
•     .VirtualBox asks now if you want to create a new vhd (virtual hard disk), or use existing vhd. Choose Create new and click Next:
•     New Virtual Disk Wizard starts. Click Next: .
•     Click Next to accept Dynamically expanding storage:
•     Dynamically expanding vhd means that although the guest consideres the HD being the size given (max value), host Windows only uses as much space on HD as is actually needed; a 20 GB dynamic vhd where only 4 GB is used is seen by Windows host as a 4 GB vhd file, not as a 20 GB file, but the guest OS sees the same vhd file as a 20 GB hard disk with 16 GB free. I recommend 8 to 12 GB for Ubuntu.
•     You can now accept the default location where VirtualBox offers to save the vhd, or change the location by clicking the small folder symbol. Default save folders are Your_Username\.VirtualBox (Virtual Box 3.2 and older) or Your_Username\VirtualBox VMs (from version 4 Beta). You can also change the original size of vhd here. Click Next:
•     Click Finish to end New Virtual Disk Wizard:
•     Click Finish to end New Virtual Machine Wizard:
•     Now choose the virtual machine you just created and click Settings:
•     Choose Storage from the left pane, CD/DVD from under the title IDE controller, and click the small CD symbol on the right:
•     Now you need to tell VirtualBox which install media you want to use. You can assign any of the host system's CD/DVD drives to vm , or an ISO image to act as a CD/DVD drive. For now, you want to use the Ubuntu ISO you downloaded earlier. Browse to its location, choose it and click Open:
•     Now choose Display from the left pane, assign the maximum 128 MB video RAM to virtual machine's emulated video card:
•     Next you need to setup network controller. Click Network on the left pane, choose Enable Network Adapter, choose Bridged Adapter, and choose your host computer's network adapter from drop down list:
•     Click OK to save edited settings:

 Part 2: Install Ubuntu on a virtual machine

•     Choose Ubuntu vm, click Start:
•     When vm starts, it shows you the first screen of Ubuntu setup. Choose the language you want from over 60 languages, or wait 30 seconds for English to be selected:
•     Ubuntu starts now in so called Live Mode. Double click Install Ubuntu icon:
•     Once again, choose your installation language:
•     Choose Download updates while installing. You might also want to install Fluendo MP3 plugin offered for better audio features. Click Forward:
•     Choose Erase and use the entire disk. Notice please, we are now talking about the virtual hard disk we created earlier, not the actual hd on your host computer. In other words, this does not mean your HD with Windows on it will be erased Click Forward:
•     Click Install Now:
•     Choose your time zone:
•     Choose your preferred keyboard layout. To avoid confusion, I recommend choosing the same you are using on your host computer's Windows. Click Forward:
•     Tell Ubuntu your name, choose the computer name and set up a password. Click Forward:
•     Installation starts, you have now some 20+ minutes for a coffee break, or you can watch a presentation about Ubuntu by clicking those arrow symbols on left and right:
•     When installation is finished, you have to unmount (deattach) Ubuntu ISO image before reboot. Before clicking Restart Now, Open Devices menu from vm window, click CD/DVD devices, choose Unmount CD/DVD Device.
•     Click Restart Now:
•       When Ubuntu has booted, click your username to open a password prompt. Type your password, click Log In:
•     To fully integrate Ubuntu vm to your Windows 7 desktop, to allow networking and for instance cross platform copy & paste, you need to install VirtualBox Guest Additions. Click Devices menu, choose Install Guest Additions:
•     If the CD/DVD icon appears on the desktop, right click it and choose Open With Autorun Prompt:
•     If the CD/DVD icon does not appear on desktop (happens sometimes), open Ubuntu's Places menu, and choose VBOXADDITIONS. Choose then Open Autorun Prompt from VBOXADDITIONS window:
•     Choose Run to start Guest Additions setup:
•     You must now enter the administrative password. It is the same you chose for your account, so enter it now:
•     When Guest Additions are set up, you must press Return (Enter) to close the window:
•     Restart Ubuntu:
•     After reboot, you are ready to go

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Operating System Subject's IMP Questions..

Operating System Subject's Some Important Questions..

• Why is MBR registers required?
• Why are interrupts needed? List the limitation of Sequential interrupt processing.
• Briefly compare all in board memory.
• Define Virtual memory. Briefly explain all levels of system structure.
• Define DMA. Briefly explain steps involve in Simple Interrupt Processing.
• Explain the key elements of an Operating System for Multiprogramming with figure.
•  List the objective of time sharing system and multiprogramming system.
• Briefly explain Block/Suspend->Block, Ready->Ready/Suspend states of process.
• List two events/reasons lead to the termination and suspension of a process?
• Why are two modes (user and kernel) needed?
• What is the difference between a mode switch and a process switch?
• For what types of entities does the OS maintain tables of information for management purposes?
• Explain the difference between a monolithic kernel and a microkernel.
• Briefly explain SMP with figure. List two advantages and disadvantages of ULTs over KLTs.
• What is I/O Management? Write a short note on UNIX SVR4 Process Management.
• Define Thread. What resources are typically shared by all of the threads of a process?
• Define Process. What do you mean by pure user-level thread? What are the two separate the potentially independent characteristics embodied in the concept of process?
• When and how the short-term, medium-term and long-term scheduling policies are applied? Draw the queuing diagram for scheduling.
• Explain the resident set management policies for virtual memory. Explain how it affects the degree of multiprogramming.
• Define virtual memory. Compare LRU, FIFO and Clock page replacement policies with suitable example.
• What is paging? Explain the logical to physical address translation mechanism with example.
• What is Monitor? Explain the solution to the Bounded-Buffer
• Producer/Consumer Problem using a Monitor.
• What is Translation Lookaside Buffer? Explain the Paging with the use of TLB.
• What role the main memory cache plays with the Virtual Memory Management using TLB?
• Discuss the use of Invert Page Table in paging technique. How physical address is generated in it?
• What is deadlock? State necessary conditions for deadlock to occur. Explain
• banker’s algorithm for deadlock avoidance.
• Define the term. Dispatcher.
• What is Process Spawning.
• List out three general categories of PCB information.
• List out which process states works in virtual memory and which one in primary memory.
• Write down the full form of PSW, JCL.
• Differentiate between mode switching and process switching.
• Define main categories of processor registers and list out the registers in each category.
• What is interrupt handler routine?
• What is hit ratio?
• Explain the issues and resolution for Cash Design.
• Explain time sharing system with basic example.
• Write short note on Process Control Structures.
• Explain process state transition with one and two suspended states.
• Compare the Resident set management.
• Briefly explain the Address translation in a paging system.

Courtasy:-
AITS and MEFGI MidTerm Papers.

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Structured Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology(Sooadm) Exam related Important Questions...

Sooadm Exam related Important Questions...

•    What is HCI? Explain in details.
•    Explain Types of System.
•    What is the role of system analyst?
•     How much time required for create new systems and other activities and How many times it required  to develop a new system.
•     What is an upper case tool?
•     What is the benefit of e-commerce and website.
•     Explain First Phase of SDLC.
•     Explain GDSS with Example.
•     Explain TPS with Examples.
•     Explain SAP with details.
•     Explain Interviewing.
•     Explain Decision Trees with Example.
•     Explain Data Dictionary.
•     Explain Normalization.
•     Explain Rules for designing a website.
•     Explain Aggregation with examples.
•     What is constraints?
•     Explain Packages.
•     Explain interaction diagram.
•     Explain nested state with examples.
•     Explain MYCIN with examples.
•     Explain First Phase of SDLC.
•     Explain GDSS with Example.
•     What is a lower case tool?
•     Explain DFD diagram Symbols.
•     What is the benefit of e-commerce and website.
•     What is Primitive Process?
•     Explain Event Table?
•     What is the benefit of partitioning DFD?
•     Define the following terms : Scaling, Metadata, Block Sequence Code.
•     State and explain the different types of user interfaces.
•     Define the following terms : Aggregation, Tagged Value, Realization.
•     “UML is a language” – justify the statement. Also, explain the building
•     blocks of UML.
•     Define the following terms : Derived Element, Events, Qualifier.
•     What do you mean by nested state ? How are they organized ?
•     Explain concurrency of states within a state diagram.
•     State and explain how presentations of output are unintentionally biased.
•     What are the ways the analyst can avoid biasing output ?
•     Explain the common architectural styles applied for system design.
•     Explain various stages of System Development Life Cycle.
•     Explain decision tables and decision trees with suitable example.
•     Write short note on: Guidelines for designing Dialogs.
•     What is a Data Warehouse? State any six differences between datawarehouse and traditional databases.
•     Explain general guidelines for designing Web Sites.
•     Explain Object Oriented Themes.
•     Explain Object Oriented Software development process stages.
•     State the different ways to use class diagrams to model static design view of a system.
•     State the common steps for modeling workflows in UML using activity
•     diagrams.
•     Write algorithm using Structured English for a process which generates first five multiples of the user entered number.
•     What is the purpose, properties, contents and common uses of Use Case
•     diagrams? Explain in detail.
•     Explain points to be considered during dialog design.
•     List and explain different data entry methods.
•     How will you validate input data? Describe different validation.

Courtasy:-
GTU Papers and AITS Modal question Papers.

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